Medali Kepala Medusa sebagai Penghargaan dalam Militer Romawi di Inggris
Di dalam benteng tambahan Romawi di Inggris, sebuah medali perak dengan gambar kepala Medusa dan rambut ular ditemukan sebagai bagian dari hiasan militer. Benteng ini dibangun beberapa dekade sebelum Tembok Hadrian pada tahun 122 M, dengan tujuan melindungi kekaisaran Romawi dari serangan suku Pict dan Skotlandia.
Sosok Medusa dalam mitologi Yunani dikenal memiliki rambut ular dan kemampuan mengubah manusa menjadi batu hanya dengan pandangan sekilas. Dalam cerita yang paling terkenal, pahlawan Yunani Perseus memenggal kepala Medusa, dibantu dengan pantulan perisai Athena.
John Pollini, seorang profesor sejarah seni dan arkeologi Yunani Romawi di University of Southern California mengatakan, budaya Romawi mengacu pada mitos Yunani, termasuk kisah Medusa. Selama zaman Romawi, Medusa dipandang sebagai apotropaic, yang berarti kemiripannya dianggap untuk mengusir kejahatan.
“Sejak zaman Yunani, ini adalah apotropaic ampuh untuk menangkal hal-hal buruk, atau mencegah hal-hal buruk terjadi pada Anda,” kata Pollini kepada Live Science.
Kepala Medusa yang dikelilingi ular juga terlihat di makam era Romawi, mozaik di vila mewah, dan baju perang. Misalnya, dalam mozaik Alexander Agung dari Pompeii abad pertama yang terkenal. “Alexander digambarkan dengan wajah Medusa di penutup dadanya,” catat Pollini.
Medusa juga ditampilkan di phalera era Romawi lainnya, tetapi detailnya berbeda-beda. Misalnya, Vindolanda Medusa memiliki sayap di kepalanya. “Itu mungkin menunjukkan dia memiliki kemampuan untuk terbang, seperti [dewa Romawi] Merkurius memiliki sayap kecil di helmnya,” kata Pollini.
Biasanya phalerae Medusa ini diberikan kepada prajurit yang menunjukkan keberanian dalam pertempuran. “Orang militer akan mengikatnya ke tali dan memakainya selama parade lokal,” kata Pollini.
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